The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
Regional International Trade: A Documentary Study in the Honduran Context
Context: In Honduras, regional international trade has become important to achieve an effective integration of import and export operations that allows it to achieve a sustainable development that benefits the supply chain of both companies and countries that make up its main trading partners. Objective: To determine the importance of regional international trade for Honduras. Method: online documentary, through secondary data through quantitative analysis with data through descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis of the literature through review based on evidence. Results: it was evidenced that Honduras is an important contributor to the trade of the Central American region since in the intraregional and extraregional exports it has a 10.7 % participation, in contrast in the imports 14.6 %. Conclusion: international trade in all areas has become an effective tool to achieve exchanges between different nations, however, at the regional level generates a positive impact between the countries that make up it, since its economy is dynamized thanks to the various partners that make up it, which allows to take advantage of each of its competitive advantages such as the case of Honduras with the Central American region.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aaron Fernando Umanzor Ortega (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Educational Leadership Enhanced by Machine Learning: Proposal for a Conceptual Model for Executive Decision-Making in Public Educational Institutions in Peru
School leadership is, after teachers' classroom practice, the second within-school factor with the greatest influence on student learning outcomes. In Arequipa's public educational institutions, however, principals' decision-making still relies mainly on experience and fragmented information, since the systematic use of evidence for school management remains an exceptional practice within the Peruvian educational system. At the same time, machine learning has become a consolidated tool capable of anticipating dropout risk, characterising school performance and sustaining dashboards for educational management. Nevertheless, the literature reviewed shows a disconnection between the technical advances of ML applied to education and the pedagogical leadership frameworks currently in force in developing countries' educational systems, which are marked by digital divides, low data literacy and technology-adoption barriers. This theoretical-conceptual article proposes an integrative model termed Machine-Learning-Augmented Educational Leadership (LEA-ML, for its Spanish acronym) articulating six dimensions: baseline pedagogical leadership, data infrastructure, the ML analytical layer, augmented decision interpretation, ethical governance and organisational adoption. The model was built through an integrative documentary analysis of 54 sources indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, Redalyc, SciELO, Dialnet and ERIC, published mostly between 2015 and 2026. Its relevance for the Arequipa context is discussed considering the existing infrastructure of the Educational Institution Management Support Information System (SIAGIE) and the region's persistent connectivity gaps. It is concluded that the model offers a pertinent theoretical basis for future empirical validation aimed at strengthening evidence-based school management among public-school principals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rafael Romero-Carazas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Systematisation of professional practice experience related to the financial feasibility study of handicrafts for Asofinya
The present systematization of practice was carried out in the Association of integrated fiqueros of the indigenous council of Yascual - ASOFINYA, where the main objective was to obtain financial viability in the process of making crafts in order to anticipate possible eventualities or financial losses that may occur. present in the future, was carried out based on the analysis of labor and raw material costs, free cash projections, economic indicators (IRR, NPV and RCB), the break-even point and the sales price , evidencing favorable results for the Association, in the same way it is intended to leave the model which serves for future researchers as a source of new knowledge, some reference points and support material in various areas of knowledge, allowing the making of more accurate decisions. , the implementation of continuous improvement strategies as well as the development of short, medium and long-term productive projects. In this sense, it is intended to contribute as a practice of social responsibility which is immersed in the mission of UNIMINUTO, taking into account that this initiative has had the support and backing of the same Educational Institution and other Universities and thus contribute to regional development. which is the subline of research in the Financial Administration career.
business model and systematization of experience
Copyright (c) 2025 Alejandra Yasmin Burbano Natib, Martha Lida Solarte Solarte (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Methodological Strategies for Accounting Training of Entrepreneurs in Km8, Leónidas Plaza, 2025
Within the framework of economic development and strengthening of entrepreneurship, this research analyzes the accounting training of entrepreneurs, specifically those in the Km8 area of ​​the Leónidas Plaza parish, during the year 2025. This analysis stems from the problem in the sector, where the majority lack basic accounting knowledge that would allow them to adequately manage financial resources, record economic transactions, and ensure the sustainability of their businesses. The objective of this study is to describe methodological strategies for accounting training, identifying the existing level of training and specifying the most appropriate strategies to strengthen entrepreneurs' accounting skills, facilitating access to formal financing opportunities and improving administrative efficiency. Methodologically, the research is descriptive, with a quantitative approach. A structured survey was applied, allowing for the collection of objective and quantifiable data, which will be processed using Microsoft Excel statistical software. The results show that entrepreneurs demonstrate an understanding of basic concepts such as income and expenses, but experience difficulties in determining profits. Therefore, it is concluded that it is necessary to implement active, practical and contextualized methodological strategies that strengthen economic decision-making and thus improve the sustainability of local businesses.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marlene Rocío Macay Ferrín, César Carbache Mora (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Preventive Criminal Investigation: Epistemological Construction of a Transdisciplinary Construct for Educational Settings
This article develops an epistemological construction of Preventive Criminal Investigation (PCI) as an autonomous conceptual category aimed at educational settings. It starts with the recognition of a structural limitation shared by criminal investigation, criminalistics, and classical criminology: their intervention is generally activated only after a crime has been committed, which restricts their preventive scope. In response to this limitation, the study sought to construct and epistemologically justify a category capable of shifting attention from post-crime reaction to the anticipation of risk factors and vulnerabilities within educational institutions. Methodologically, a systematic scoping review of literature published between 2015 and 2026 was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, SciELO, Google Scholar, Dialnet, and DOAJ. From 109 initial records, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria and were examined through a comparative analysis between the traditional reactive paradigm and the proposed preventive paradigm. Findings reveal that the term Preventive Criminal Investigation does not appear as an autonomous conceptual category in the reviewed literature, thereby confirming an epistemological gap. Drawing on the convergence of criminology, intelligence-led proactive policing, complex thinking, and transdisciplinarity, PCI is proposed as a transdisciplinary, prospective, and systematic process through which the professional police officer diagnoses, deconstructs, and mitigates vulnerability factors and criminal risk dynamics before harm is consummated. The study concludes that this construct represents a substantive epistemological reconfiguration rather than a mere temporal extension of reactive investigation. Its implications are significant for police training, school safety, and the design of preventive public policies in Latin America, while also opening a specific agenda for future empirical validation and institutional application.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jhoan José Calicho Cabrera (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relationship between digital tools and financial management of small and medium enterprises in Iquitos, 2024
Digital tools are essential for the financial management of small and medium enterprises, as they offer solutions that improve efficiency, accuracy and decision making. The objective was to determine if there is a relationship between digital tools and financial management of small and medium enterprises in Iquitos, 2024. This study used a descriptive, non-experimental and quantitative methodology. The participants were 380 workers with executive or managerial functions in small and medium enterprises in Iquitos. With respect to digital tools, the results reveal that 46,8% of respondents regularly use digital technology, and 51,6% frequently optimize economic gains through effective financial management. Also, at a significance level of less than 0,05, the hypothesis correlation analysis revealed a strong positive association between digital tools and financial management (r = 0,953). Concluding that there is a statistically significant relationship between digital tools and financial management of small and medium enterprises in Iquitos, 2024.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nuria Amasifuen Silvano, Karina Jessica Saavedra Vásconez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Problem-oriented policing in school settings: a pilot evaluation of an interinstitutional preventive governance model in Bolivia
Security in Bolivian educational units exhibits critical prevalence, characterized by fragmented and predominantly reactive institutional responses. This study analyzes the implementation of the Student Prevention Services Coordination, Control, and Monitoring Center (C-SPE) as an innovative model of evidence-based preventive governance. A longitudinal design with repeated measures and a mixed-methods approach was employed during a pilot phase (2025-2026) in Cochabamba. The evaluation integrated administrative records analysis (Bs. 540 953,93 investment), systematization of 8 Student Security Council sessions, and pre-test/post-test instruments (n=12). Quantitative analysis employed paired-samples t-tests (parametric variables) and Wilcoxon tests (security perception), complemented by qualitative content analysis. The C-SPE enabled the formation of three Student Security Citizens Councils with 95% active participation. Statistically significant improvements were observed in general user satisfaction (t(11) = -5,698, p < 0,001, d = 1,644) and marginally significant improvement in articulated action implementation (t(11) = -4,051, p = 0,050, d = 1,169). Security perception showed a robust increase (Mdn: 2,0 → 5,0; r = 0,62, p = 0,0009). Interinstitutional governance indicators showed significant reductions across all dimensions (Fisher p < 0,05). The C-SPE constitutes a preventive governance architecture that successfully operationalizes collegiate and transdisciplinary decision-making in institutionally fragmented contexts. Although the model demonstrates high feasibility and social acceptability, long-term sustainability requires additional longitudinal validation and cost-effectiveness analysis for national scalability.
Exclusion of panamanians from decisions regarding the canal (1903-1912)
This paper explores the process of Panama’s exclusion from matters concerning the Canal between 1903 and 1912. The separation of Panama from Colombia led to the birth of a new nation and the subsequent signing of the Convention for the Construction of a Maritime Canal in Panama with the United States, known as the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty, on November 18, 1903. The signing of this convention posed significant challenges for the leaders of the new republic, particularly regarding Panamanian participation in the construction, administration, development, and defense of the interoceanic route. The objective of the study is to analyze the actions and omissions of Panamanian authorities in the management of foreign relations, diplomatic negotiations with the United States, and territorial administration, in order to explain the mechanisms of exclusion surrounding the Canal. The methodology is qualitative in nature, based on historical documentary analysis of primary sources (treaties, governmental acts, the 1904 Constitution, diplomatic correspondence, and contemporary press) and secondary sources (historiographical research and academic studies), following the analytic-synthetic method. Several documents provide testimony of the positions and actions of the nation’s leaders, some of which were contrary to the Isthmus’s interests. The terms agreed upon in the convention were clearly unequal and self-excluding for Panama, influencing the territorial organization of the Canal Zone and the future Canal Watershed. Panamanian exclusion was determined by the legal framework of the 1903 treaty, the 1904 Constitution, and the decisions of the country’s early governments. Based on these elements, the study interprets the Panamanian case as an early configuration of differentiated sovereignty, in which the formal autonomy of the State coexisted with structural limitations on the effective exercise of authority over strategic spaces and resources.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aaron Samuel Bracho Mosquera, Epifanio Asprilla Vásquez, Víctor Manuel Ortiz Salazar, Gabisel Barsallo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the market orientation of leather goods companies in the municipality of Belén, department of Nariño
Introduction: In the municipality of Belén, Nariño, companies in the leather goods sector face serious limitations to position themselves in the market. This situation is due to multiple factors such as limited economic capacity, limited availability of plant and equipment, and lack of innovation. These shortcomings have led to a low level of recognition and positioning of their products. In view of this problem, the need arises to study market orientation as a strategic tool that allows these companies to improve their competitiveness and adapt more effectively to the environment. Methods: The research is framed within the quantitative paradigm, following Auguste Comte's thinking, which favors empirical, useful, real and verifiable knowledge. A quantitative approach was adopted, which implies the collection of measurable data to test hypotheses and detect behavioral patterns through statistical analysis. The method employed was empirical, allowing a direct understanding of the leather goods environment through observation and direct experience. This is a descriptive type of research, the objective of which is to point out the relevant characteristics of the population studied. The population consisted of the 11 leather goods companies registered in the Pasto Chamber of Commerce. Given their small size, a census was applied, using surveys directed to the managers and those responsible for the marketing and finance departments. The data collection techniques included: Primary sources: structured surveys of company managers. Secondary sources: review of graduate works, books, magazines and academic documentation in libraries in the city of Pasto. Tertiary sources: articles, books and web pages consulted online. Results: The results show that market orientation is an essential component of the marketing culture of Belén's leather goods companies. Various marketing activities implemented by these organizations were identified, as well as the areas with the greatest weaknesses in the management of market information. It was also detected that some business units have difficulties in adapting to changes in the environment, which limits their ability to respond strategically. Based on these findings, corrective actions were proposed that should be assumed by the companies to strengthen their competitiveness, both in the internal and external environment. Conclusions: The leather goods companies in the municipality of Belén do present a customer orientation, focusing their efforts on providing adequate attention to ensure consumer satisfaction. Their corporate objectives are aligned with the implementation of strategies aimed at offering competitive advantages based on the needs of their customers. These organizations are also proactive in the face of competition, recognizing and reacting quickly to the strategies of other companies that could represent a threat. To this end, it is essential to strengthen innovation and take advantage of emerging market opportunities to maintain and increase their customer base. Recommendations In relation to competitor orientation, it is recommended that sales personnel effectively share strategic information about competitors in order to improve decision making. It is suggested that managers from different areas regularly visit clients, both current and potential, to strengthen the commercial relationship and detect opportunities for improvement and loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2025 Harrison Castillo Bolaños , Claudia Magali Solarte Solarte (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the organizational behavior of the internal customers of Banco Bancamía located in the city of Pasto
Introduction: The financial sector is catalogued as fundamental to the economy and that is why financial entities must adapt to the different needs of customers in an environment that is constantly changing. The financial institution Bancamia stands out for its financial inclusion by supporting entrepreneurs. This study focuses on analyzing the internal behavior of collaborators to identify improvements and opportunities with the objective of contributing to the sustainability of internal clients. Methods: Paradigm: The positivist paradigm is adopted, which focuses on explaining, predicting and controlling phenomena through the verification of theories. This approach avoids subjective biases in data collection and analysis, allowing to quantify variables such as employee satisfaction and productivity. The quantitative approach seeks to test existing theories based on hypotheses and requires a representative sample. This approach provides numerical data that help Bancamia to understand and improve the behavior and satisfaction of its employees in an objective manner. Results: The primary sources include all the information collected from the entity's employees through the survey. Followed by the secondary sources here is information collected by consulting monographs, articles, degree projects. And finally there are the tertiary sources here we found the information collected through electronic sources such as web pages, articles, among others. Conclusions: The thesis analyzes retention and work experience in Bancamia, highlighting a good level of employee retention, especially among young employees, due to an attractive work environment with significant benefits. However, there are areas for improvement in the work environment, integration and participation in decision making, especially in branches far from the main office, which affects motivation and commitment. To improve these areas, Bancamia has designed a comprehensive action plan focused on strengthening communication, setting achievable goals and fostering collaboration, with the aim of optimizing performance and the work environment in the entity. Recommendations: It is proposed to improve cohesion among collaborators through workshops and open communication. It is essential to involve employees in decision making in order to set realistic goals. In addition, management support in critical activities should be strengthened through continuous training. Finally, financial and non-financial incentives are recommended to increase motivation and reduce work pressure.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eliana Maigreth Acosta Bastidas , Javier Ignacio Cruz Hernández , Claudia Magali Solarte Solarte (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Photosynthetic energy: a sustainable and low-cost option for rural and urban development in Arequipa
The study was aimed at achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) No. 7, which promotes access to affordable, safe and sustainable energy. Its objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of generating electricity from plant photosynthesis as an ecological and low-cost alternative for rural and urban development in Arequipa. The methodology was descriptive and experimental design, applying an experiment with seven plant species under controlled conditions of light and humidity. Accessible materials, such as cables, metal meshes and multimeters, were used to record voltages for a week, the experiment was developed with elementary school students of the Jorge Basadre Grohmann, located in the city of Arequipa. The informed consent of the participants for the confidentiality of data was respected. The results showed that the Mother-in-law's Tongue reached up to 850 mV, confirming the possibility of obtaining electrical energy through natural processes. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that photosynthetic energy is a real and sustainable option, capable of promoting environmental education and contributing to reducing dependence on conventional energy sources in Arequipa.
Fernando Moises Duglas Romero-Villanueva
Copyright (c) 2025 Marilyn Villanueva-Batallanos, Ana María Flores-Mollesaca, Fernando Moises Duglas Romero-Villanueva, Nicolas Matheo Ragnar Mamani-Ruiz, Adriana Carolina Ruiz-Rojas, Rafael Romero-Carazas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The impact of artificial intelligence within the Peruvian labor sector
Artificial intelligence is one of the most revolutionary technologies, due to its adaptability and automation; such capabilities generate concern in the Peruvian labor sector, as if used without regulation, it can replace human labor in multiple work sectors. The main objective of the study is to develop guidelines for a regulatory framework aimed at regulating the application of artificial intelligence, prioritizing the protection of the right to work and job stability. Likewise, it seeks to analyze the impact of AI on labor rights and its influence on the future of work in the country. The methodology used was qualitative, focused on the analysis of existing information and the interpretation of current law. The dogmatic-legal method was applied, which allowed for the systematization and examination of norms, laws, and legal proposals. The population consisted of lawyers, while the sample was limited to twenty professionals in the field. The data collection instrument was the interview, through which professional perspectives on the topic were obtained. The results show that the current Peruvian legal framework presents regulatory gaps and lacks effective protection mechanisms against the impact of AI. It is concluded that the impact of AI will be imminent; therefore, the creation of specific laws is necessary to guarantee a fair transition, promote labor training, and ensure the ethical coexistence between technology and human labor.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alexandro Dangelo Paredes Salazar, Carlos Augusto Manrique Pinto, Rafael Romero-Carazas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Limited effectiveness of the penalties provided for in Law No. 28008, an analysis of Articles 1 and 3
Smuggling and fractional smuggling represent a major challenge that undermines Peru’s financial stability by reducing tax revenues and weakening state authority. Law No. 28008, the Law on Customs Offenses, aims to address this issue through the imposition of fines and criminal penalties based on the Tax Unit (UIT). However, the implementation of this law, particularly in Articles 1 and 3, reveals limitations that compromise its effectiveness, as it fails to adequately cover cases involving small amounts, thereby diminishing its deterrent capacity. This study adopts a qualitative, legal-dogmatic approach by analyzing 30 Supreme Court decisions to assess the effectiveness of sanctions linked to the UIT. The findings reveal significant problems in both content and process: sanctions are neither fair nor proportional, judicial decisions are inconsistent, and institutional coordination among SUNAT, the Public Prosecutor’s Office, and the National Police of Peru is weak. These deficiencies have allowed smuggling, including fractional smuggling, to persist, particularly in border areas. Therefore, an integral reform is proposed to incorporate principles of proportionality and progressivity, as well as effective mechanisms for institutional coordination, in order to strengthen the criminal response, reduce impunity, and ensure fairness and coherence within Peru’s legal framework against smuggling.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ana Maria Jose Velarde-Manrique, José Huayto-Cupe, Rafael Romero-Carazas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Towards quality public services: the role of administrative simplification in local governments
The study was conducted within the framework of research on state reform and modernization, with the central purpose of analyzing the role of administrative simplification in improving the quality of public services in local governments. It was a basic research study with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and correlational in nature. The population consisted of users of a provincial municipality, and the sample consisted of 300 of them. Data were collected using a survey technique, with structured questionnaires: one with 11 items to measure administrative simplification and another with 9 items to evaluate citizen services. The information was processed using SPSS statistical software version 25. The findings showed that administrative simplification has a direct and significant relationship with citizen services, with a Spearman correlation coefficient (Rho) of 0.640 and a p-value of 0.000, confirming the hypothesis and concluding that the relationship between the two variables is positive.
Copyright (c) 2025 A (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Planning, strategies, and evaluation in teaching practice: their influence on teacher performance in public schools
The main purpose of the research was to determine the relationship between teaching practices and teacher performance in a public educational institution in Piura during 2022. It was a basic, non-experimental study with a descriptive-correlational design. The population and sample consisted of 400 parents, who were given a questionnaire, the data from which were processed using SPSS version 24 software. The results showed a correlation of Rho = 0.833 between the variables, confirming the existence of a strong relationship between their dimensions. It is suggested that future research at the same institution consider other variables associated with the students' educational process in order to strengthen teaching practices and thereby contribute to improving academic performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dante Rossini Pacha Apaza (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Liquidity and collection strategies in a private educational institution during crisis scenarios
The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between liquidity and collection strategies in a private educational institution during crisis scenarios, with the aim of understanding their impact on the entity's financial sustainability and economic management. The study was framed within basic research, with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and correlational level. The sample consisted of teachers and administrative staff from the institution, who constituted the unit of analysis. After applying the normality test, a coefficient lower than the critical value of 0.05 was determined, which led to the use of Pearson's parametric statistic for the correlation analysis. The results revealed a coefficient of r = 0.723 with a significance level of p = 0.000, which shows a positive and significant relationship between the variables. Consequently, it is concluded that liquidity is closely linked to the effectiveness of collection strategies. Finally, it is recommended that collection policies and mechanisms be strengthened as an essential measure to preserve liquidity and ensure the financial stability of the educational institution.
Political Science and Governance Case Peru, Beginnings and Current Events
This essay examines the evolution of Political Science and governance in Peru, from its emergence in the 1980s to the present. Through a chronological review of academic studies between 2008 and 2024, it explores how political, economic, and social transformations have shaped the development of the discipline and the stability of the State. Although Political Science has gained recognition and visibility, it still faces institutional and academic weaknesses. Governance in Peru has been characterized by a persistent tension between a historically strong Executive and a weak Congress, a dynamic that has recently shifted. The study highlights that social conflicts, lack of inclusion, and weak institutional frameworks remain key barriers to sustainable governance. It concludes by emphasizing the need to strengthen communication between the State and civil society, institutionalize Political Science, and promote evidence-based public policies as essential strategies for achieving democratic and efficient political management in Peru.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rafael Romero-Carazas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Government Control in Peru: Institutions, Challenges, and Proposals to Improve Transparency and Efficiency of the State
Government control in Peru is essential to ensure transparency, accountability, and the efficient management of public resources. However, despite efforts made by various institutions responsible for overseeing and auditing public administration, significant deficiencies still exist, affecting the effectiveness of the control system. These weaknesses stem from the lack of independence in some institutions, limited resources, inadequate operational capacity, and systemic corruption that continues to undermine government entities. This paper examines these issues and argues for the urgent need to implement structural reforms aimed at strengthening these institutions. The proposed reforms include improving institutional autonomy, increasing transparency in the selection and decision-making processes, and fostering greater citizen participation in monitoring and auditing efforts. By carrying out these reforms, trust in public institutions can be restored, ultimately promoting a more efficient, transparent, and corruption-free public administration in Peru.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arsemio Cruz-Oxsa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determinants of quality of life in young technical professionals: the role of job expectations
The main objective of this research was to examine the influence of job expectations on the main determinants of quality of life, physical, emotional, and social well-being, among young technical professionals, using graduates of the mechatronics program at a public technological institute in Peru as a reference. The study was part of basic research, with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional, and descriptive-correlational scope. The sample consisted of 250 technical training graduates. The findings revealed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.702 and a significance level (p) of 0.003, confirming the existence of a significant relationship between job expectations and quality of life. Based on these results, it is recommended that the curriculum be continuously updated in line with labor market demands in order to promote a better quality of life for graduates.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rossini Dante Pacha Apaza (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Internal control as a determinant of efficient public management: The case of prison logistics in Peru
The main objective of this research was to establish the extent to which internal control is linked as a determining factor in the efficiency of public management, specifically in the area of logistics of an Institutional Prison Office in Peru. The study was framed within basic research with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and correlational scope. The sample consisted of 75 civil servants and officials, who were given a structured questionnaire with 20 items. The findings showed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.916 and a significance level of p = 0.000, confirming the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the variables analyzed. Consequently, it is suggested that internal control be rigorously strengthened in order to ensure its positive effects within the study unit.
Energy drink consumption among university students and its impact on sleep quality: a systematic review
Introduction: energy drinks (ED) are popular among university students to combat fatigue and stress. However, its regular consumption can have negative health effects, such as insomnia and cardiovascular problems, due to its high caffeine and sugar content. Objective: determine the impact of ED consumption on the sleep quality of university students and its possible adverse health effects associated with the ingredients that compose them. Method: the compilation of information on the ED was carried out. In addition, a systematic review of articles from the most up-to-date national and international literature on BE and its possible effects on health in university students was carried out. Articles from 2019 to 2024 were identified in various search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect Y SciELO. Results: energy drinks had a high content of sugars, caffeine and taurine, in addition to other components such as vitamins. BE consumption is related to health effects such as causing insomnia, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, kidney and neurological conditions. Conclusion: BE consumption among university students is related to health problems, such as heart, kidney, gastrointestinal, and neurological conditions, among others. Active components such as caffeine, taurine and sugar contribute to these adverse effects. Despite knowledge of the risks, academic pressure drives its consumption, highlighting the need for educational interventions to reduce it.
Copyright (c) 2025 Iván Michel Linares Quispe, Víctor Raúl Soberón Palma, Enzo Renatto Bazualdo Fiorini, Tito Urquiaga-Melquiades (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Workload And Presence Of Psychosomatic Symptoms In Workers Of The Basic Special Education Center Of Cajamarca
Objective: to identify the relationship between workload and psychosomatic symptoms in workers at a special education center in Cajamarca, March 2025. Method: a basic study with a quantitative approach was conducted, using a non-experimental, cross-sectional, and correlational design. Data were collected from a sample of 47 workers selected through probabilistic sampling. The “Workload Assessment Scale” by Rosell and the PHQ-15 were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS v27 software. The chi-square test was applied to identify the relationship between variables, and Spearman’s Rho coefficient was used to measure the degree and direction of association. Results: the results indicated a significant relationship between workload and the presence of psychosomatic symptoms (p = 0,045), with a weak positive association (Rho = 0,295). A total of 93,6 % reported a high workload, and 48,9 % presented moderate psychosomatic symptoms, with female teachers being the most affected group. Additionally, factors such as sex (p = 0,032) and job position (p < 0,001) showed a significant association with the presence of psychosomatic symptoms. Conclusion: the relationship between workload and psychosomatic symptoms is confirmed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gianella Yajhaira Sanchez Sanchez , Jhina Fiorela Ygnacio Mestanza, Jhonny Alexander Zelada Pérez, Enzo Renatto Bazualdo Fiorini, Tito Urquiaga-Melquiades, Teddy William Saavedra Alvarado (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design Learning Landscape With Genially Tool To Improve Academic Performance In Students
This study aims to explore the use of learning landscapes with the Genially tool to improve academic performance among elementary school students at the "6 de Diciembre" Educational Unit. The research was conducted at the "6 de Diciembre" Educational Unit, located in the community of San Miguel de Piquigua, San Isidro parish, Sucre canton, Manabí province. The sample consisted of 80 elementary school students and seven teachers specialized in mathematics. A mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative) was employed, using surveys as the primary data collection technique. The results show a strong positive relationship between the use of learning landscapes with Genially and improved academic performance in mathematics. It is concluded that the integration of interactive digital tools such as Genially fosters motivation, engagement, and meaningful learning among students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nolger Simón Vélez Pinargote, César Arturo Carbache Mora (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of consumer behavior on the use of the social media during the pandemic in Manabí, Ecuador
This study aims to analyze consumer behavior in the use of social networks during the pandemic in Manabí, Ecuador. The applied methodology was qualitative - descriptive based on an online survey of 19 items applied to a population sample of 238 people from across the province using the Epidat tool, where social and cultural aspects, shopping behavior, habits were consulted. and food consumption, relationships with the family and the mitigation of stress produced by confinement. For this, the structural equations model (SEM) was applied, the purpose of which was to study the relationship between variables that allow defining more effective marketing strategies. The results will contribute to understanding the behavior of buyer personas and the possible ways to bring them closer to brands at the present time.
Copyright (c) 2025 César Carbache Mora, Frank Lemoine Quitero, Christopher Chukwugozie Okafor (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the organizational culture of companies in the baking sector in Pasto
Introduction: Taking into account the types of culture that exist, it is analyzed that although all bakery companies in Pasto have an organizational culture, only some of them are concerned about creating a specific culture plan or code that is characteristic of their brand, which will generate a weak culture, and “a weak organizational culture is a culture in which the objectives are not clear, the mission and vision of the company either; everyone sees the company in a different way and each one seeks to achieve its objectives by different paths; in organizations with a weak organizational culture there is a lack of communication, processes and standardization; there are constantly clashes between values, attitudes and ways of thinking of the members of the company, which generates bad working environments, unmotivated people and low productivity”. Method: The research belongs to the empirical-analytical method because it will be based on rational and real foundations, where the solution to the problem of workers' behavior, its causes and also the consequences will be found. Type of research: Population and sample: The population is 1,870 bakery companies in the city of Pasto, according to the statistical bases of the Chamber of Commerce of Pasto 2020. The finite population formula was applied and presents a research sample of 154 companies for this project. Data collection techniques: For the development of the degree work, the following data collection sources will be used as follows: -Primary sources: the survey will be used, which will be applied to the sample under study. -Secondary sources: books, graduate works, magazines, newspapers, and bulletins will be consulted for the development of the research. -Tertiary sources: electronic books, documents appearing in blogs, degree works in electronic pages, among others, will be reviewed. Results: At this point are all the results obtained from the survey along with its analysis and writing, followed by the realization of the 2nd and 3rd objective, obtaining as a result the type of culture that exists among the bakery companies of Pasto and as a conclusion the result if the companies have an impact on the factors of success, leadership and competitiveness. Conclusions: Thanks to the development of this research focused on analyzing the organizational culture of companies in the bakery sector in Pasto, it is concluded that the results suggest that the research is crucial, since it allows understanding and detecting the organizational culture thanks to the contribution of a committed staff focused on both corporate and personal goals. Clear and assertive communication plays a key role, integrating the entire team and strengthening relationships between members. In addition, the importance of creating more effective work environments and communication channels is highlighted, which, in the long term, would facilitate the incorporation of the concept of organizational culture in companies. Despite the identification of success factors, possible shortcomings in their implementation are pointed out. These challenges could lead to consequences such as loss of competitiveness, financial problems and employee demotivation or turnover. It is crucial to address these shortcomings to ensure the development, growth and sustainability of the companies, in terms of competitiveness management stands out as a priority for bakery companies, investment in innovation, operational efficiency and product/service quality is considered crucial to stand out in the market. Recommendations: As final recommendations focused on the good implementation of the organizational culture and opportunity for improvement of the Pasto bakery sector, first, given the inclination towards a power-oriented organizational culture, it is essential to balance this approach. Integrate practices that value not only tangible results, but also human capital development. Promote an environment that recognizes and celebrates employee achievement and learning, fostering a balanced culture. Address the lack of regular meetings to address problems, establish formal channels of communication that facilitate the exchange of ideas and collaborative problem solving, involve employees in decision making whenever possible, thus encouraging a greater degree of participation and decentralization.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nayith Marcela Chinchajoa Zambrano, Claudia Magali Solarte Solarte (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Functional structure and competitiveness in the microenterprise Arepas de Maíz Sarita
Introduction: The study analysed the current situation of the microenterprise Arepas de Maíz Sarita in the city of Pasto, with the purpose of designing an administrative organisational structure that would boost its growth. It was proposed to establish clear roles through a manual of functions and procedures, which would improve efficiency and collaborative work among employees. This approach sought to strengthen the administrative process and increase business competitiveness. Development: Relevant background was drawn upon such as the work of Caicedo (2020), who designed a marketing plan to increase sales for a similar company. We also reviewed the research of Alpala et al. (2017), which implemented a production order costing system to improve decision-making. Finally, Bolaños et al. (2016) developed an export plan to expand the target market of an arepas company, providing internationalisation strategies. These studies provided valuable theoretical and methodological inputs to structure Arepas Sarita's improvement proposal. Conclusion: The analysis provided evidence of the importance of implementing a clear administrative structure in Arepas de Maíz Sarita. It was concluded that the organisational design, accompanied by a correct distribution of functions and market strategies, would strengthen its competitive position, improve its internal processes and generate greater economic benefits. The study provided significant contributions for the microenterprise, its employees and the regional environment.
Copyright (c) 2024 Eylim Roxana Gómez Tulcán, María Camila Castro Cañar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Knowledge, Innovation and Business Ethics: The Case of Renderixarte in the Colombian Context
Introduction: During the last decades, Colombia has undergone substantial social, economic and technological changes that have transformed the way in which organisations understand and manage knowledge. This intangible resource became an articulating axis between innovation, sustainability and business competitiveness. Knowledge management (KM) was consolidated as a key strategy, closely related to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the concept of knowledge societies. Development: KM was understood as a structured process of creation, transfer and application of organisational knowledge. In Colombia, its implementation favoured efficiency, innovation and informed decision-making. At the same time, knowledge societies fostered a culture based on collective learning, intellectual property and human talent as strategic assets. CSR, for its part, was understood as the ethical commitment of companies to their environment, integrating social, environmental and labour factors. At the legal level, Colombian private law, together with constitutional norms and international treaties, provided a framework for the interrelation between these three concepts. The case of the company Renderixarte evidenced how academic knowledge and innovation translated into responsible and sustainable business practices. Conclusion: The articulation between CG, CSR and knowledge societies defined a new business route in Colombia, guided by ethics, legality and the value of shared knowledge. This approach proved to be key to strengthening the country's productive fabric and moving towards sustainable and inclusive development.
Copyright (c) 2024 María del Carmen Sierra Buelvas, Lady Andrea Diaz Álvarez, Berónica Narváez Mercado (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Contadero Dairy Association (ASOLACC): Organisational Culture as a Pillar of Sustainable Economic Development
The Contadero Dairy Association (ASOLACC), founded in 2007 in El Contadero, Nariño, brought together some 120 producers with the aim of promoting milk production and collection under good livestock practices. Since its inception, it has cultivated an organisational culture based on collaboration, trust and continuous learning, which has enabled it to face the challenges of the dairy sector and strengthen the sense of community among its members. Leadership was exercised democratically, favouring horizontal and participatory management that encouraged effective communication and consensus-based decision-making. The association prioritised transparency through regular meetings and accountability, fostering an environment of trust. It also promoted continuous learning through technical and business training that improved the productivity and self-esteem of producers. ASOLACC integrated environmental and social sustainability into its practices, encouraging the responsible use of resources and supporting the well-being of rural families. In addition, it valued the cultural identity of the territory, promoting traditional products and strengthening rural pride. Inclusion was also a priority, ensuring the active participation of women, young people and older adults, which ensured generational renewal. In 2024, it faced challenges such as market volatility and climate change, but responded with resilience thanks to its strong organisational culture and strategic management. ASOLACC demonstrated that human and cultural capital can be a driver of social transformation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Cesar Camilo Larrea Narváez, Daniela Fernanda López Lucero, Claudia Magali Solarte Solarte (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Study of the organisational culture of the company (Contadero Dairy Association) ASOLACC in the municipality of El Contadero
This study focuses on the organisational culture of ASOLACC, a company located in the municipality of El Contadero, with the aim of evaluating how this culture affects its performance, competitiveness, and productivity. Organisational culture, which includes unwritten rules, values, traditions and shared behaviours, plays a fundamental role in shaping the company's identity, its way of working, decision-making and interpersonal relationships. Organisational culture acts as the “glue” that binds employees together and guides their behaviour. It is a set of norms and values that influence how tasks are performed, how decisions are made, and how conflicts are resolved. A strong organisational culture can motivate employees, improve communication, and foster a collaborative work environment. On the other hand, a weak or conflictive culture can lead to misalignment of objectives and reduce the organisation's effectiveness. At ASOLACC, organisational culture may be influencing performance in a variety of ways. A culture that promotes innovation and continuous improvement can lead to increased productivity and adaptation to market changes. The knowledge generated from this research aims to provide recommendations and suggestions that can be used by ASOLACC to strengthen its organisational culture, optimise its competitiveness, and increase its productivity. These recommendations could include strategies to foster more open communication, encourage employee participation in decision-making, and promote values that align individual interests with organisational objectives and their positive impact on the local community.Introduction: This section provides a detailed description of the Organisational Culture project, which aims to understand how this culture influences its performance as an organisation and its ability to improve competitiveness and increase productivity. Research problem: The research topic is organisational culture, and based on this, several subheadings related to the topic are presented. The general objective and specific objectives are also included. Reference framework: this is made up of the background, which reviews some previous research related to the organisational culture of dairy associations and companies. It also includes a theoretical section that cites some authors related to the main topic. It has a conceptual framework that defines key concepts such as competitiveness and increasing productivity, among others, and finally, there is the legal framework that refers to current regulations. Methodology: The method that will be used in this research will be empirical-analytical and consists of identifying a problem, presenting a respective hypothesis, and thus carrying out an analysis. To study organisational culture, the empirical-analytical method may involve direct observation of the members of the organisation in their daily interactions, as well as interviews and surveys to obtain information about the type of organisational culture that the association has.Research results: The main results obtained were described, including a diagnosis of organisational culture, a SWOT matrix identifying important factors for ASOLACC, possible factors that influence organisational culture, and finally, some strategies that could improve organisational culture, together with an action plan.Conclusions: conclusions were drawn based on both the research and the results obtained, as well as on the information provided by the association, which enabled the successful development of this project.
Challenges and strategies for the hotel sector in Nariño after the pandemic
Introduction: The hotel sector in commune 1 of the city of Pasto, Nariño, has been affected by recent social, economic and health changes, especially by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, it was necessary to analyse its current situation to identify strategies that would strengthen its competitiveness in the face of environmental challenges and an increase in tourists. Development: During the research, international, national and regional background information was reviewed. Work on business resilience, human management and strategic plans in hotels in similar contexts was highlighted. The diagnosis revealed structural weaknesses, low preparedness for crises and an urgent need for adaptation. Through DOFA, MEFI and MEFE analyses, opportunities for improving hotel operations were identified, as well as legal and social threats, such as irregular migration. The importance of strategic direction, planning, regulatory compliance and human talent development was also emphasised. Conclusion: It was concluded that strengthening the hotel sector should be based on a comprehensive, resilient, and strategic vision. Collaboration between public and private entities, together with the promotion of local and regional tourism, was essential to achieve economic recovery. The implementation of action plans focused on quality, innovation, and sustainability would consolidate hotels in commune 1 as key players in the economic and social development of Pasto.
Copyright (c) 2024 Brayan Flórez Molina , Brayan Santiago Acosta Rodríguez, Claudia Magali Solarte Solarte (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0